Internal security

Definition


1. Internal security, or IS, is the act of keeping peace within the borders of a sovereign state, generally by upholding the national law and defending against internal security threats. Comes under MHA
2. Cyber Warfare: When any state initiates the use of internet based invisible force as a instrument of state policy to sabotage and espionage against another nation, it is called Cyber war
3. Cyber Crime: Use of cyber space i.e. computer, internet, cellphone, other technical devices, etc., to commit a crime by an individual or organised group is called cyber crime.


5. Terrorism is, in the broadest sense, the use of intentionally indiscriminate violence as a means to create terror among masses of people; or fear to achieve a financial, political, religious or ideological aim.
6. Cyber security can be defined as the protection of systems, networks and data in cyber space from any form of unauthorized and malafide access to a personal computer, a laptop, a smartphone or a major network like the national banking system or the railway network or a national information technology asset that also has military implications.
7. What is the difference between insurgency, militancy and extremism?
• Purely from a definitional point of view, the Indian Sub Conventional Doctrine defines insurgency as “an organised armed struggle by a section of the population against the state, usually with foreign support. Possible causes of an insurgency including ideological, ethnic or linguistic differences; or politico-socio-economic reasons and/or fundamentalism and extremism. Interference by external forces may act as a catalyst to provide impetus to the movement.”


• Militancy is a condition which experiences the use of violence, being combative or predisposed to fight.  Militants can include any individual or group which takes to violence. This need not only include terrorists and insurgents, but also religious groups which take to violence to further their beliefs.


• Extremism is a state wherein a person or an organisation holds extreme political or religious views.  An extremist may not necessarily be committing a crime under law. A number of groups, political and religious, fall under this category, for instance, the separatists in Kashmir and Maoist supporters. 
8. Radicalization (or radicalisation) is a process by which an individual, or group comes to adopt increasingly extreme political, social, or religious ideals and aspirations that reject or undermine the status quo or undermine contemporary ideas and expressions of the nation.




Internal security issues in the country can broadly be categorized as follows:-
• Hinterland terrorism - International and domestic.
• Left Wing Extremism in certain areas.
• Jammu & Kashmir militancy and terrorism
• Cross border terrorism
• Insurgency in the North Eastern States.
• Organized crime and its nexus with terrorism
• Communalism
• Regional and inter-state dispute
• Border managemet
• Coastal security
• Cyber crime and cyber security




Jammu and Kashmir : Govt. adopted a multi-pronged approach
• contain cross border infiltration,
• Promote economic activity,
• provide relief to victims
• strengthen the State Government security apparatus.




Institutions to strengthen Internal security
1. National Investigation Agency (NIA)
2. The Multi Agency Center (MAC)
3. National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID)
4. Combating Financing of Terrorism Cell (CFT Cell)


Security of Holders of High Public Offices
Airport Security / Metro Security
Security of Religious Shrines / Places


Security Situation in J & K
The State of Jammu & Kashmir (J&K)has been affected by terrorist and secessionist violence, sponsored and supported from across the border, for more than two and half decades.










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